Characteristics of gut microbiota and its association with the activity of β-glucuronidase in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the characteristics of gut microbiota and its association with the activity of β-glucuronidase (β-GD) in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.@*METHODS@#A total of 50 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were admitted in January to December, 2018, were enrolled as the hyperbilirubinemia group, and 30 neonates without hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled as the control group. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing method was used to compare gut microbiota between the two groups. The phenolphthalein-glucuronic acid substrate method was used to measure the activity of β-GD in the intestinal tract of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The comparison of the distribution of gut microbiota at the genus level showed a significant difference in the abundance of 52 bacteria between the hyperbilirubinemia and control groups before treatment (@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are differences in gut microbiota between the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia and those without hyperbilirubinemia. The activity of β-GD in feces is positively correlated with the abundance of

Effect of Wenjing Tongluo Decoction on VEGF/VEGFR2/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway in Mice with Knee Osteoarthritis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of Wenjing Tongluo decoction （WTD） in alleviating articular cartilage defect in knee osteoarthritis （KOA） and delaying joint degeneration. Method:The KOA model was established by anterior cruciate ligament transection （ACLT）. Mice were classified into sham-operated group， model group， WTD high-dose and low-dose groups， and positive control group. Four weeks after modeling， WTD groups and the positive control group were given WTD （80， 20 g·kg^-1） and glucosamine sulfate capsules （0.29 g·kg^-1）， respectively， and the sham-operated group and model group received normal saline of the equivalent volume. After continuous intervention for 4 weeks， hemoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of cartilage and Mankin scoring system was employed to score the knee cartilage. Western blot was combined with Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） to detect the protein and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor <italic>α</italic> （VEGFA）， vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 （VEGFR2）， extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 （ADAMTS4）. Result:The Mankin score in the model group increased as compared with that in the sham-operated group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， administration groups demonstrated alleviated articular cartilage defect and low Mankin score （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， but there was no statistical significance in Mankin score between the WTD groups and positive control group. The protein and mRNA levels of VEGFA， VEGFR2， ERK1/2， and ADAMTS4 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The protein expression of VEGFA and ERK1/2 was inhibited in each administration group as compared with that in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the inhibition in the positive control group was stronger than that in the WTD low-dose group （<italic>P</italic><0.05） but weaker than that in the WTD high-dose group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Glucosamine Sulfate capsules suppressed the expression of VEGFR2 and ADAMTS4 to the extent the same with low-dose WTD but weaker than the high-dose WTD （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:WTD can relieve the articular cartilage injury in KOA mice， and the mechanism may be related to VEGF/VEGFR2/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with phototherapy in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates: a prospective randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with phototherapy in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.@*METHODS@#The neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were hospitalized from January to December 2018 were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group (n=61) and a control group (n=63). The neonates in the observation group were treated with phototherapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii, and those in the control group were treated with phototherapy combined with placebo. Treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. Fecal samples were collected 72 hours after treatment and 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the features of gut microbiota between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the total serum bilirubin level between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). At 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment, the observation group had a significantly lower level of total serum bilirubin than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly lower proportion of neonates requiring phototherapy again [20% (12/61) vs 75% (47/63), P<0.05]. Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides (P<0.05) and a significantly lower abundance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus in the intestine at 72 hours after treatment (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, phototherapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii can effectively reduce bilirubin level and prevent the recurrence of jaundice. Saccharomyces boulardii can favour the treatment outcome by regulating the gut microbiota of neonates.

Investigation of Ecological Environment of Mountain Cultivated Panax ginseng and Their Associated Plants / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the ecological environment and associated plants of mountain cultivated Panax ginseng were investigated in Xifeng county，Kuandian Manchu autonomous county and Huanren Manchu autonomous county of Liaoning province，in order to provided suggestions on the development of the mountain cultivated P. ginseng in these areas and necessary reference materials for the analysis of ecological suitability of mountain cultivated P. ginseng. Method:The field survey was conducted through sample plot survey in the survey pattern ofbased on representative area-sample plot-quadrat，literature review and data collation， were conducted to record indicators， calculate relevant parameters and make summary. Result:The associated plants were investigated based on 42 samples of mountain cultivated ginseng collected. A total of 95 plant species were identified. The correlation analysis was made on the six main species with an occurrence frequency of higher than 33%， and they were all positively correlated. Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum was the strongest，which was followed by Schisandra chinensis， and Tilia tuan was the strongest in the arbor layer. The survey also found many problems in these areas，such as fewer large-scale planting bases， more scattered households，mixed germplasms，irregular planting techniques，simple planting mode and less sources of economic income generation. Conclusion:Xifeng county，Kuandian county and Huanren county of Liaoning province boast a superior ecological environment and abundant resources of mountain cultivated P. ginseng. The survey gets the whole picture of the ecological environment and associated plants of mountain cultivated P. ginseng in representative areas of Liaoning province，so as to provide the basis for the further development of mountain cultivated P. ginseng cultivation industry and the promotion of mountain cultivated Panax ginseng economy.

Epidemiological characteristics of malaria before and after the elimination in Hangzhou / 预防医学

Objective To compare the epidemiological characteristics of malaria before and after the elimination in Hangzhou, and to provide scientific basis for formulating malaria control strategies. Methods We collected the data of confirmed malaria cases in Hangzhou from 2005 to 2016. We compared the differences in epidemiological characteristics (demographic features of malaria cases, source of infection, plasmodium species, etc.) and vectors of malaria before (2005-2010) and after (2011-2016) the elimination of malaria. Results Totally 340 malaria cases were reported before the elimination in Hangzhou with the annual incidence rate of 0.16/10 million, while 227 cases were reported after the elimination with the annual incidence rate of 0.25/10 million. Local cases accounted for 11.47% before the elimination, while no local cases but all imported cases were reported after the elimination. Compared the sex, occupation and age of malaria cases, epidemic season, report area, source of infection and species before and after the elimination, the proportion of men increased from 67.65% to 89.87%; the proportion of 18-60 years old group increased from 75.88% to 96.04%; the proportion of children / students decreased from 17.35% to 7.49%;the epidemic season changed from July to October to no obvious season; the main report area changed from suburb (55.88%) to urban area (81.06%); the source of infection changed from the domestic provinces (77.94%) to foreign countries (99.12%) ;the main species of malaria parasites changed from vivax malaria (88.24%) to ciparum malaria (71.81%) . The Anopheles mosquitoes caught by vector monitoring were Anopheles sinensis. The average density of Anopheles sinensis before and after the elimination was 10.0 and 5.0 /(person·night) . Conclusion After the elimination of malaria in Hangzhou, imported malaria cases from abroad were dominant. and the men and women who returned to and from abroad and 18-60 years old were the key prevention and control groups in the future.The epidemiological characteristics of malaria after the elimination in Hangzhou have changed greatly. The men who are 18-60 years old and return from abroad are the focus of malaria prevention and control.

A retrospective analysis on the epidemic of human and livestock brucellosis and the prevention and control measures in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of human and livestock brucellosis in Zhejiang Province in recent sixty years and to put forward countermeasures for prevent and control.Methods Related data of prevention and cure of human and livestock brucellosis were collected from 1 996 to 201 4 and descriptive analysis was conducted.Results The positive rate of the livestock's bacteria was up to 22. 28%in the history of Zhejiang Province.Epidemic foci of B.canis and B.bovis in Zhejiang Province were confirmed.After achieving stability control standards of brucellosis,the positive rate of livestock brucellosis was low.But in recent years,meat goats from the north and local sheep have been detected positive for brucellosis in many places.The first case of brucellosis in Zhejiang Province was confirmed in 1 967.But only in the occupational population,there were sporadic cases of chronic stable type or occult infection.A total of 506 brucellosis cases have been reported and 767 new infections have been detected since the reappear of human brucellosis in 2003.The annual report incidence rate was increasing(χ2trend =9. 533,P=0. 002).There were nine cases of human brucellosis outbreak, occurring in Shaoxing,Hangzhou,Ningbo,Jinhua,Jiaxing and Quzhou City respectively.In the human or the animal, there were five biotypes and a total of 82 strains were detected.The dominant strains of Brucella was B .melitensis type 3. Conclusion At present the epidemic of livestock brucellosis in Zhejiang Province is mainly imported.The human epidemic mainly associated with input focus by livestock.With the increasing input of foreign sheep year by year ,human epidemic is at risk and there is a risk of proliferation.Therefore,we should strengthen the joint prevention and control of brucellosis and health and animal husbandry departments should take comprehensive prevention and control measures to fight against human and livestock brucellosis together.

A study on the Life quality and its influencing factors among the elderly with cardiovascular diseases in rural areas / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the life quality among the rural elderly residents with cardiovascular diseases and to explore the influencing factors in order to provide evidences for developing prevention measures.Methods A random sampling technique was employed,a total of 620 residents with hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD)aged over 60 years in Jinhua City was selected.And an investigation including questionnaire and life quality SF -36 scale was conducted.The influencing factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results The average score of life quality among the rural residents with cardiovascular diseases was 69.10 ±17.86.Scores of all dimensions were significantly lower in the elderly (>=70 years)than that among the <70 years (P <0.05).There was significant difference on the scores in seven dimensions (PF,RP,BP,GH,VT,SF,RE)(P <0.05).Scores of patients with annual income of 5 000 yuan were significantly lower than those with annual income of 5 000 -20 000 yuan,while scores decreased when above 20 000 yuan.Smoking,alcohol and tea were the influencing factors of scores in each dimension (P < 0.05 ).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,family income,smoking and drinking were the risk factors of life quality (P <0.01). Conclusion The life quality of the elderly with cardiovascular diseases in rural areas is almost on a normal level,but scores of general health and mental health is lower.It's urgent to strengthen the chronic disease management in order to improve the life quality of rural elderly residents with chronic diseases.

The iodine status in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province 2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the iodine level in the environment and the iodine status among the general population as well as the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Hangzhou city.Relationship between the prevalence of thyroid nodules and the policy of universal salt iodization in Hangzhou was also analyzed.Methods Questionnaire,a 3- day weighed dietary record method,and 3 days' 24- hour dietary recall method were used to understand the iodine nutrition status and dietary intake of iodine among the general population in the city.Drinking water,edible salt and morning urine were collected to determine iodine content.All objects under survey underwent the thyroid B ultrasonic examination.Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 13.0 and SAS 9.1.Results (1)In total,12 620 effective questionnaires were available,with 221 water samples,12 730 urine samples,and 3593 salt samples collected.12 515 objects underwent B ultrasonic examination,and 1848received dietary investigation.(2)Water iodine level of Hangzhou was in the range of 0.20-5.99 μg/L,with the median level as 2.58 μg/L.(3) Average daily dietary intake of iodine for adult males in Hangzhou was 289.2 lμg/d.The contribution of iodine intake from iodized salt was 74.4％.(4) The median of Hangzhou residents' urinary iodine was 178.80 μg/L,with the urinary iodine levels at 100 μg/L-,200 μg/L-,＜100 μg/L,and ≥300 μg/L groups were 37.14％,23.11％,21.05％,and 18.69％ respectively.Urinary iodine of pregnant women was 141.0 tg/L.(5) Incidence of thyroid nodules in females(28.6％ ) was higher than that of males(20.1％ ).The detection rate increased with age (6.4％ at group 6-,10.9％ at 12-,12.0％ at 18-,24.4％ at 40-,and 38.8％ at 65-) ; with the highest in urban area (29.8％),followed by suburbs (23.3％) and in rural area it showed the least (20.3％).Urinary iodine level was found lower among the population who had been detected with thyroid nodules (160.36 μ g/L) than those among the undetected population (182.00 μg/L).Conclusion Hangzhou appeared to be an area where the environmental was iodine deficient.Iodized salt was the major source of iodine intake.The iodine status among the general population seemed to be safe and suitable,but the iodine level for pregnant women was not sufficient.There was still no evidence indicating that the universal salt iodization policy in Hangzhou was associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules.